Outline Of Geography And Gidlock - 944 Words

OUTLINE – GEOGRAPHY AND GIDLOCK IN THE UNITD STATES What is the Problem? (p.104) - One of the few countries in the world that combines a two-party system with a presidential form of government. Most former British colonies with single-member districts and strict two-party system have a parliamentary form of government. - Since 1950 the president has presided over two-thirds of a partisan legislative majority. - Requiring the president to assemble the votes not only of co-partisans, but also of some members of the opposition party. The executive must gather votes from the opposition party that control at least part of the legislative agenda. - The lack of a unified government in the presence of partisan conflict has brought about a legislative agenda producing drama and uncertainty, even over votes that are clearly in the public interest. (E.g. funding the government or avoiding default) - Additionally, party leaders have gathered greater control of congressional process limiting bills that could achieve bipartisan support from reaching the legislative floor. Reinforcing the public’s opinion of polarized politics and generating a cycle of inactive legislation. - Since the end of WWII, the parties have experienced a geographic division, where the Democrats have become the party of inner city, the low-income suburb, and the postindustrial towns, while the Republicans have become the party of white suburbs, exurbs and the rural periphery. Q. So if there are â€Å"moderate†

Status Quo Of Sherlock And The Gang - 1383 Words

Status Quo of Sherlock and the Gang The works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle provide evidence of classism; the easily identified separate social classes, during the Victorian-era. His writing graphically proving the status quo of the times. If someone created an act of crime, it was to advance in class or the characters are trying to stay in the same style class before some event happened. In a time when females were considered meek and frail. That is how they are written besides for the occasional exception. The easily flustered gender in distress scenario is repeated in many of the adventures. If he strays from that it is for a purpose. Typically, intensifying the story. Doyle illustrates the segregation of the three classes of people, the†¦show more content†¦Seeing as he is a doctor, being of a learned clean trade. It was considered on the higher end of the middle class. For which allowed him more time frolicking through mysteries with his best friend Holmes more than at his practice or wife at home. Doyle’s also hits some scandalous not so common ideas in his stories making them risky of the times. In â€Å"Adventure III. A case if identity† the story wraps around a couple trying to maintain the class they are accustomed too. Holmes and Watson are visited by a younger lady. Mary Sutherland is saddened by the loss of her love. Being abandoned at the altar with left only with a typed letter from her lover. Searching for answers, she seeks out our heroes for help. The dynamic duo is given the details and the case is quickly. It was determined love story was just a plot for money. Common scenario of not wanting to lose wealth acquired. The widowed Mrs. Southerland becomes Mrs. Windibank acquiring a much younger husband, A Mr. James Windibank. Together they enjoy an inheritance that belongs to Miss Mary Southerland. Mrs. Southerland’s daughter from prior marriage. All living comfortably from it. Mother and step father fear to lose it if she weds. So, in a thick plot of treachery her mother and step father con her into 10 more years of being single Creating an alter persona and tricked Mary into wooing her own step Father. The story states, â€Å"He enjoyed the use of the money†. ShowingShow MoreRelatedJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 Pagesthought of Mad Anthony Wayne.[4] Inspirations for Batmans personality, character history, visual design and equipment include movies such as Douglas Fairbanks The Mark of Zorro, The Bat, and Dracula; characters such as The Shadow, The Phantom, Sherlock Holmes, Dick Tracy, Jimmie Dale, The Green Hornet, Spring Heeled Jack; and Leonardo Da Vincis drawings of a flying machine. Kane signed away any ownership that he might have in the character in exchange for, among other compensation, a mandatoryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages272 Why Do People Form Groups? 272 Stages of Group Development 274 The Five-Stage Model 275 †¢ An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines 276 Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity 277 Group Property 1: Roles 277 †¢ Group Property 2: Norms 280 †¢ Group Property 3: Status 285 †¢ Group Property 4: Size 286 †¢ Group Property 5: Cohesiveness 288 †¢ Group Property 6: Diversity 288 Group Decision Making 290 Groups versus the Individual 290 †¢ Groupthink and Groupshift

Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying Free Essays

Romeo’s mood changes when he realizes that Mercutio is dying as he suddenly becomes regretful ‘that an hour hath (Tybalt) been my kinsman’ and decides that ‘others must end’ over ‘this black day’s fate’, whereas at the beginning of the scene he is very calm and peaceful and tells Tybalt ‘I love thee’ and that the reason he does excuses the need to react aggressively toward the ‘greeting’ Tybalt gives him calling him ‘villain’ as his hate can have ‘no better term’. Romeo is made ‘effeminate’ by Juliet’s love and so his love ‘excuses the appertaining rage’ so he doesn’t harm the Capulet, ‘whose name I (he) tenders as dearly as’ his own as he is married to Juliet. When Mercutio and Tybalt are fighting he still continues to try to keep the peace, and tells Benvolio to help ‘beat down their weapons’ which links to the fight in Act 1 Scene 1 where Benvolio draws his sword to prevent the fighting, showing how they aren’t opposed to force to protect people they care about. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he realises Mercutio is dying he sheds his peace keeping attitude and actively participates in the fight as either him, Tybalt ‘or both’ must go with ‘Mercutio’s soul’ ‘to keep him company’. This also contrasts with the love expressed for Tybalt earlier, as he acts more masculine instead of being ‘effeminate’ as Juliet ‘hath soften’d valour’s steel’and fights to maintain his family’s honour and also avenge the death of his ‘very friend’, which shows two sides to Romeo; one being the courtly lover who is in love with Juliet and the other being an Italian hot-blooded male. How to cite Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying, Papers

A Draft Organizational Chart For The Project Team †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Draft Organizational Chart For The Project Team. Answer: A draft organizational chart for the project team It has been identified that building a project team remains as the distinctive task of a project head. The appropriate and appropriate execution of such task needs the leader or the manager to derive, enhance as well as supervise a group of people who would work on the project (Bosch-Rekveldt et al. 2011). A team could be responsible for a variety of responsibilities and duties on the basis of the project they are engaged to. As put forward by Hartmann et al. (2012), an effective project must entail appropriate setting of team responsibilities as well as duties while focusing on the goals and objectives. Organizational chart- Vaccaro et al. (2012), mentioned that a project team organizational chart is a detailed as well as documented-based graphical presentation, which is required to outline the particular roles, responsibilities and duties of the team members and other individuals taking part in the project. This graphical presentation signifies to constitute how exactly, they are supposed to collaborate with each other during the course of the project implementation technique. It is also considered as the technique of managing team the development process with the help of training programs on the basis of the group formulation. A staffing/ recruitment plan- The first and the team planning is referred to the defining as well as managing the roles that are required for the project. Hence, the managers need to focus on designing a job description document that specifies the major roles of the project- such as the title and the purpose, duties and responsibilities, skills, qualification and experience required, team performance criteria and other compensation details (Pournader, Tabassi and Baloh 2015). The project managers could implement this plan by advertising the roles both internally as well as externally. The following steps can be implemented to implement the recruitment plan. Presenting the job description to write content for the advertisement as particular as possible All components associated with the roles and responsibilities should be included in the advertisement message Description of the challenges of each specific role, which could help to contract the compatible individuals A team-building plan As put forward by Stahl et al. (2012), a project team is referred to the organized group of people who are engaged in performing shared and the individual tasks achieving the shared goals. In the project team plan, the team must consist of full-time as well as part-time human resource who will work together to construct the deliverables and shifting of project towards the effective accomplishment. In order to implement a team-building plan, a group of people should be included in the team who should be capable of fulfilling the following conditions: Figuring out the task to be performed with the endeavor Making proper plans for accomplishing the assigned tasks Conducting the tasks considering the given budget and expectation Recording the issues, changes and quality concern Thus, while selecting candidates for the team building, the manager ensure that the candidates are ready to meet the requirements mentioned above. Staff management plan In the initial stage, the plan must include general description of what and how the project manager and the project team could use the plan to help them members to manage the project effectively. The staff management plan must include the roles and responsibilities of project human resource activities during the implementation of the project. Each staff of the team should know about the project organization chart, which would give them the idea of implementing the roles and responsibilities of the team member (Mir and Pinnington 2014). Likewise, the timeline should also be shared with the team members. Appropriate and training development programs should be developed for the team members. While managing the team, it is essential for the management to manage the team such as measuring the performance of the staff members. The individual member should be provided with appropriate recognition as well as reward system. The major purpose of staff management plan is to achieve the success of the project by ensuring the appropriate staffs required with the necessary skills. Hence, if any gap is identified, the team building activities can be clearly defined as well as the team activities can appropriately be managed (Stahl et al. 2012). For example, in a software development project, the staff involved in the project need to consider the internal resource and they ensure that no outsourcing has been done during the completion of the project. Hence, the project manager should negotiate with the functional as well as departmental managers to identify as well as assign the resources in the scope of the project. The following are the steps for staff management: 1) Staff Acquisition 2) Resource Calendars 3) Training 4) Performance Review 5) Recognition and Rewards Communication plan As put forward by Daim et al. (2012) the communication management is about keeping all individuals in the loop. It is observed that communication planning technique helps to define the type of information that would supposed to be delivered. In the communication plan, it is necessary for the project manager to identify the type of communication that stakeholders require from the project; thereby, they could make good and effective decisions. In addition to this, during the planning stage of the project, the firm should create a high-level communication management plan that should describe the communication requirements in general for the project (Patanakul and Shenhar 2012). The communication project must include the communication goals and objectives, communication tools and techniques and the major project communication message. Furthermore, the communication plan for the team building should not be generated in a vacuum. Despite the presence of some standard items such as Project Kick Off, Team meeting and review status, it is necessary to spend time input from all stakeholders groups. The goals of the communication plan should include the following: Enhancement of knowledge regarding the project and maintenance of the importance Create a dialogue among the workers and the key stakeholders to acquire acceptance of the project Deliver opportunities for the feedback from the stakeholder groups Assessment plan In the assessment plan, the project manager and senior human resource executive should create a documentation plan where they need include certain elements such as the questions- I communicate what requires to be done by the given deadline and expect others to whom I assign the tasks to be responsible for breaking down the work. Hence, based on the questions, the managers should rate the performance of the employees on the basis of rarely or very often. Any gap found in the assessment plan should be fulfilled by modifying or adding the activities during the course of the project. An improvement plan The improvement plan should be based on the assessment plan, which means if any gap found in the assessment plan that should be covered in the improvement plan. For example, in the assessment plan, if it is found that some group members are not aware of the goals and objective of the project and the importance of team performance, those members should be communicated properly. The project manager should communicate with those members to identify their issues and provide them with appropriate solutions. Those members should be provided with appropriate training and development programs. References Bosch-Rekveldt, M., Jongkind, Y., Mooi, H., Bakker, H. and Verbraeck, A., 2011. Grasping project complexity in large engineering projects: The TOE (Technical, Organizational and Environmental) framework.International Journal of Project Management,29(6), pp.728-739. Bryde, D., Broquetas, M. and Volm, J.M., 2013. The project benefits of building information modelling (BIM).International journal of project management,31(7), pp.971-980. Daim, T.U., Ha, A., Reutiman, S., Hughes, B., Pathak, U., Bynum, W. and Bhatla, A., 2012. Exploring the communication breakdown in global virtual teams.International Journal of Project Management,30(2), pp.199-212. Hartmann, T., Van Meerveld, H., Vossebeld, N. and Adriaanse, A., 2012. Aligning building information model tools and construction management methods.Automation in construction,22, pp.605-613. Hwang, B.G. and Tan, J.S., 2012. Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development.Sustainable development,20(5), pp.335-349. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Patanakul, P. and Shenhar, A.J., 2012. What project strategy really is: The fundamental building block in strategic project management.Project Management Journal,43(1), pp.4-20. Pournader, M., Tabassi, A.A. and Baloh, P., 2015. A three-step design science approach to develop a novel human resource-planning framework in projects: the cases of construction projects in USA, Europe, and Iran.International journal of project management,33(2), pp.419-434. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S.S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright, P., 2012. Six principles of effective global talent management.Sloan Management Review,53(2), pp.25-42. Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.28-51.

Negligence free essay sample

Paper Negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice are terms that healthcare professionals fear being involved in. We have healthcare laws and policies that guide each healthcare practice. In today’s litigious society, we see healthcare lawsuits that are wrongfully filled, some that are not valid, and some unjustly settled cases. Yet there are some situations where a lawsuit should have definitely taken place and no one filed. There are people that live of monies collected from lawsuits, while there are people that are uneducated, and unaware of these options. This paper will discuss the differences between malpractice, gross negligence, and negligence, and then use this information to comment on how a reasonable nurse would have possibly prevented that mishap that took place in the story of the patient in the Neighborhood, Episode 7, Season 3 newspaper article. â€Å"Negligence is a general term that denotes conduct lacking in due care† (Guido, 2010). In the healthcare world this means not providing proper care, or providing care that is inappropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on Negligence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This also meaning that the reasonable healthcare worker would have acted differently in the same situation. According to an article by Cornock, four elements must be proven to establish negligence, which are duty of care, breach of duty, harm, and causation (2011). Duty of care meaning that the healthcare professional owed the person a certain standard of care that he or she did not meet. Breach of duty is when the healthcare professional failed to act in a way that was expected from his or her professional area of expertise. Harm refers to the need to prove that harm has been sustained as a result of the breach of duty. Causation is speaking of needing to show a causal link between n the breach of duty and the harm suffered by the patient (Cornock, 2011). Malpractice is sometimes referred to a â€Å"professional negligence† (Guido, 2010). Malpractice encompasses patients receiving improper care as well as a break in the standards of practice of that healthcare professional. In order to file a malpractice lawsuit, the defendant must be a professional, such as a nurse, doctor, lawyer, etc. Courts have continually defined malpractice as professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of sill, or infidelity in professional or judiciary duties† (Guido, 2010). Usually malpractice results in the harm of a client. Among healthcare professionals, malpractice is any bad, unskilled, or negligent treatment that injures the patient. A standard of conduct is taken into consideration when analyzing malpractice cases. According to Quick, standard of conduct is the degree of skill and learning ordinarily possessed and used by members of the profession (2006). A member, who has met these standards, cannot generally be found negligent. Negligence and malpractice may be similar in nature and could possibly overlap. What determines the difference is if the person committing the act is a professional. A caretaker with no license would be accused of negligence and a nurse would be accused of malpractice. The other difference is that most courts have decided that professionals should be upheld to providing a higher quality of care than a non-professional. Gross negligence is when a healthcare worker knows that their actions will cause direct harm to the patient, but they do it anyway (Quick, 2006). Gross negligence, as defined, is a much more complicated and alarming concept. Gross negligence is an act or omission â€Å"which when viewed objectively from the standpoint of the actor at the time of its occurrence involves an extreme degree of risk, considering the probability and magnitude of the potential harm to others; and of which the actor has actual, subjective awareness of the risk involved, but nevertheless proceeds with conscious indifference to the rights, safety, or welfare of others† (Quick, 2006). Some examples would be using restraints as a convenience rather than for the patient’s safety until the patient develops either physical or psychological problems or not changing dressings on a post op patient until the patient develops an infection. The newspaper article in The Neighborhood, Episode 7, Season 3 is about a patient whom I believe was a victim of malpractice. He went into the local hospital to have one of his legs amputated due to diabetic complications. When he woke up from the surgery he discovered the wrong leg was amputated. He became terrified when he finally convinced himself that he would end up with no legs instead of what the original plan was. His quality of life would be tremendously affected. What he could do still having one leg; he would never again be able to do without any legs. The surgeon and the surgical team who committed this wrong are professionals and therefore this represents malpractice. The surgeon and his surgical team did not follow proper protocol prior to the surgery. As a nurse in this case I would have taken a few know precautions to lessen the probability of this type of life threatening mistake to occur. First, a pre-procedure checklist should have been prepared and signed off by multiple services such as surgical admitting, pre-op nursing staff, and finally operating room nurses prior to the surgery. These types of checklists have been adopted at most hospitals. The checklist includes verifying it is the right person, the right procedure, the right body part, the correct medications, and equipment. Performing a surgical pause or time and having all members agree would have eradicated this issue. If this checklist had been properly followed the mistake would have been prevented. Documenting everything that is done is a vital part of the nurse’s job, and one of the ways nurses can protect themselves from lawsuits. If a surgical pause had been done, and documentation had begun from the moment the patient arrived at surgical admitting that day, then mistakes like these would not have occurred. Documentation can greatly lessen the chances of untoward events like these. Conclussion With all the tasks at hand, it is easy to bypass documentation, and try to save some time by doing it later. In this example trying to save time has cost somebody to live the remainder of their lives with no legs. The article mentions a shortage of nursing staff that the hospital was experiencing. This most likely had a big impact on what happened in the operating room. The hospital will now probably face the challenge of keeping its doors open due to not dealing with employee concerns. Negligence, malpractice, and gross negligence can all be avoided simply by following hospital policies nd protocols.

Algae Biology Lab Report Essay Example

Algae Biology Lab Report Essay Example Algae Biology Lab Report Paper Algae Biology Lab Report Paper Theoretical Background: Plantlike Protests: commonly referred to as algae have organelles called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll that help them carry out photosynthesis are authors therefore they use photosynthesis for nourishment there is 4 different phyla: solenoids, chromospheres, diatoms, and tintinnabulations these algae can be given a variety of colors because they have accessory pigments that absorb light Hypothesis: If organisms are in the kingdom Prosiest, then they share common structures. Materials: 3 microscope slides water 1 sample of Volvo 1 sample of euglena 1 sample of Spirogyra 3 cover slips 3 medicine droppers 1 microscope 1 piece of paper Procedure: 1. Using the first medicine dropper, take a sample of euglena and place it on the first microscope slide. 2. Place a cover slip over the sample of euglena and onto the slide. 3. Observe the euglena slide under the low power objective first. 4. Sketch the euglena and note observations. 5. Observe the euglena under the high power objective and note observations at this higher magnification. 6. Darken half of the viewing field by placing paper ever the microscopes light source or by rotating the diaphragm. 7. Prepare a wet slide mount for the sample of Spirogyra by repeating steps 1-2. 8. Observe the Spirogyra under scanning, low power and high power, then note the observations. 9. Sketch the Spirogyra. 10. Prepare a wet slide mount for the Volvo. 11. View the Volvo under scanning and low power. 12. Sketch the Volvo. Results: The drawings of the three samples of algae are stapled to this lab on a separate piece of paper. Analysis: Under the microscope, the Volvo appeared as small, light green spheres with spikes on them. It moved around in a quick, bouncy way, while rotating. The Spirogyra were long shapes with small blobs inside of them. The euglena was a blob shaped organism with smaller shapes inside of it. It moved slightly and slowly. We were able to identify the chloroplasts and the sexpot. Conclusion: The hypothesis was proven true. Organisms in the kingdom Prosiest share many common structures. First off, all protests are eukaryotic; therefore, they have a nucleus. Plantlike protests contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Some algal protests use tail-like flagella in order to move around their watery environment.

The Management of Change of General Motors (GM) and Dell Essay

The Management of Change of General Motors (GM) and Dell - Essay Example This essay discusses that the organizational change is a constant procedure of remaking the ideas and approach of the organization by shifting the tactical routes and operations of the organization. This change assists the organization to enhance its potential with the greater monetary returns and its plan to meet the changing conditions and requirement of the clients. The main element that the organizations should look into before making any changes is to decide the future goals and objectives of the business and to see that how the resources should be implemented in order to make the change successful without the resistance of the employees at all the levels of the organization structure. The adjustment for the changing goals and the customer demand has become a big challenge for the organizations to meet the global competition. This job has become more difficult and complicated for the organization because they are not sure that their employees can handle and cope up with the chan ge or not. In the sector of profitability, the growth of global market and shift in political situations has made a way for the new markets of products and services that is never seen before in the corporate sector. In response to this changing pace, the organizations are adopting simple and reactive structure in which the culture is such that it empowers the employees and teamwork is the main driving force. Because of this changing environment, the employees expect that they will be involved in the decision regarding the organizational change. ... t position and share of the company falls due to change in demand of the customers and increase of competition from the car manufacturers of Japan (GM, 2012). Reason for Change: Previously, the company made many efforts to overcome the decline of sales, bad brand image, declining market share and some other reasons but most of those changes effort were failed due to communication gap between the top management and the employee’s and also because of the poor management. In 2009, the company was in extreme financial crises and the US Government would impose bankruptcy if the company will not be able to pay its debt. The new CEO fritz Henderson focus was to restructure the company within 2 months in order to save the company from bankruptcy. The company granted the financial and time aid from the US Government in order to exist as a company and payoff all the debts. The global recession made the company in financial crises and the management failed to overcome that pressure (Ande rsen, 2011). The basic reason for change is to improve the competitiveness of the company by cutting down the number of employees working and to decrease the other brands that General Motors owned. In addition, the company wants to change its overall structure by making it less bureaucratic and cut off the layers of management that is unnecessary for the company. This way the company assumes to save money and to the decision-making speed will also increase. The second point that the company decided was to change the culture of the company that would help to improve the market focus. This meant that the company would build the cars that are according to the requirement of the customers. This will help the company to see a definite path and help to come out of the financial crises that it was

Waste Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waste Management - Essay Example The 311 system is implemented for the solid waste management. All the residents and organizations in Houston are encouraged to call 3-1-1 for monitoring and maintaining the schedule of garbage collection. If there is a complaint that some household is missed for the garbage collection, it is kept under â€Å"monitor status†. Regular logs are maintained on weekly/monthly basis. If repeated complaint is received from particular are/house/organization, the problem is identified and rectified. Continuous monitoring has helped to improve the waste management and recycling. There are enforcements and penalties for the folly of littering and improper waste disposal under the codes. Chapter 39 of the codes discusses the regulations for solid waste and litter control. It also elaborates on the conducts of the citizens, duties of the Waste Management organizations and penalties. Article III has established the formation of Houston Clean City Commission which controls the acceptable leve l and concentration of litter in the city. The duties of the employees of the department are assigned under section 39-18. Penalties and enforcements are implemented under section 39-4 to prohibit unlawful waste disposal and littering. Organizations like â€Å"Waste Management Inc† and â€Å"Keep Houston Beautiful† are the one’s which are helping for the reduction of litter, beautification of the city and educating on recycling. The organization is running programs for schools, companies and other commercials to learn about recycling. ... schedule of garbage collection. If there is a complaint that some household is missed for the garbage collection, it is kept under "monitor status". Regular logs are maintained on weekly/monthly basis. If repeated complaint is received from particular are/house/organization, the problem is identified and rectified. Continuous monitoring has helped to improve the waste management and recycling. ("Solid Waste Management", n.d.) There are enforcements and penalties for the folly of littering and improper waste disposal under the codes. Chapter 39 of the codes discusses the regulations for solid waste and litter control. It also elaborates on the conducts of the citizens, duties of the Waste Management organizations and penalties. Article III has established the formation of Houston Clean City Commission which controls the acceptable level and concentration of litter in the city. The duties of the employees of the department are assigned under section 39-18. Penalties and enforcements are implemented under section 39-4 to prohibit unlawful waste disposal and littering. Organizations like "Waste Management Inc" and "Keep Houston Beautiful" are the one's which are helping for the reduction of litter, beautification of the city and educating on recycling. The organization is running programs for schools, companies and other commercials to learn about recycling. Thrown waste gets developed into new object/commodity through the recycling process. Recycling includes the collection of waste, its reprocessing, creating new object and puts it into use again. Reuse of old plastic objects/bottles for producing new plastic containers or use of waste plastics for pillow stuffing

Operation Management techniques in service organisation Essay

Operation Management techniques in service organisation - Essay Example A few of the theories that have been included in this study include Schmenner’s theory. In his theory he has classified the types of service industries as well. The main argument of this study has been the importance to customer relationship and how this forms the base of success of service industry as a whole. The study has shown the most essential aspect of the success of the business is mainly customer contact and a low degree of differentiation. The major finding also indicate that companies that are innovative but do not have a good relationship and contact with the customers are relatively not as successful as that of companies with better contact with customers. It is essential to understand and as has been discussed by the author as well, there is a vast difference between the manufacturing industry and the service industry and the tactics of one cannot always be useful for the other. Also the lack of knowledge of what would work on retaining customers could cost the companies a great deal of the market as well. The research that has been conducted has been based on a few of the authors. The various other researches which have also been mentioned like Verma (2000), Wright & Mechling (2002) are also very reliable and well designed researches. The research has been strong with a strong link to the literature review and the theories of operations management. The one theory which is acceptable in this research is Schmenner’s typology. The choice of authors is appreciated due to the strong research and contributions that these authors have made to the field of operational management. The main positive aspect of the writing of these authors is the simple and straight forward application and explanation that they provide. Also although they do deal with some extremely important elements of the subject, it is clear that they understand the needs of students

Effects of Nutribullet Processing on Glycemic Response

Effects of Nutribullet Processing on Glycemic Response The major results from the present study show that processing a variety of fruits with the Nutribullet has had beneficial effects on the postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects. We observed that after the ingestion of the Nutribullet mixed fruit treatment, on average the subjects maximum glycemic increment was only 0.4mmol/L, in comparison to the maximum increment of 1.3mmol/L after the ingestion of whole mixed fruit. In contrast, processing mango with the Nutribullet showed to have no added beneficial effects on postprandial glycemic response in comparison to the ingestion of whole mango. After the ingestion of the Nutribullet processed mango the maximum glycemic increment was 0.9mmol/L, compared to the maximum increment of 0.8mmol/L in the whole mango group. Although the processing of mango did not have the same effects seen for the mixed fruit group, these results are still significant because they demonstrate that the domestic processing mango alone and processing a variety of fruits together does not increase their GI as previously thought. In fact, the results of the present study demonstrate that Nutribullet processing a combination of fruits favorably flattens the postprandial glycemic response which is in conflict with the current recommendations for diabetics to avoid fruit smoothies. As mentioned earlier, these recommendations are formed on the assumption that the majority of fibre in fruit juice and smoothies has either been removed or broken down. Although there is substantial evidence supporting the link between the consumption of fruit juice and the increased risk of T2DM (Muraki et al, 2013; Bolton et al, 1981; Haber et al, 1977), there appears to be a sparse amount of research investigating the effects of domestically blending fruits on glucose metabolism. Although, there is one study to our knowledge that has investigated the impact of whole fruit, fibre-disrupted purà ©e and fruit juice (Haber et al, 1977). The authors reported that plasma glucose rose to similar levels after the consumption all three meals. However, they suggested the removal of fibre from food or the physical disruption of fibre, could lead to slightly higher postprandial glycemic responses. Indeed the cellular structure of fruit is important and potentially explains the results of the present study because unlike fruit juice, the fibre was not removed during the Nutribullet processing. Interestingly, evidence from a recent investigation showed that commercial smoothies which have gone through a homogenization process still contained high concentrations of intact fruit cells (Chu et al, 2017). However, we must appreciate that the process of homogenization is completely different to domestic food processing and therefore, it could be argued that perhaps domestic processing would elicit different outcomes with regards to fibre content. Although a recent study reported that the concentrations of insoluble and soluble fibre were the same in both domestically blended mango fruit and high hydrostatic pressurized mango (Elizondo-Montemayor et al, 2015). Therefore, this evidence signifies that the processing of fruits, with a domestic blender does not completely breakdown the fibre. This may go on to explain why the present study did not observe a sharp peak in blood glu cose following the consumption of Nutribullet treatments, in comparison to studies which have observed postprandial hyperglycemia due to the consumption of fruit juice where the fibre is absent (Bolton et al, 1981;). Although the results of the present study may be in part attributable to the presence of dietary fibre within the treatments, several other parameters have also been identified to affect the absorption of glucose. These parameters include the viscosity of the fruit and other properties of fibre, such as solubility and swelling capacity. Effects of fibre on carbohydrate absorption Fibre can be classified as either soluble or insoluble, characterized by how they react in aqueous solutions.   Insoluble fibre includes lignin, cellulose and many hemicelluloses. These fibres make up the cellular-wall structure of fruits and vegetables. When consumed together with foods, these fibres behave as bulking agents and also increase intestinal transit time. Water-soluble fibre comprises hemicelluloses, and many polysaccharides, such as pectin. These fibres are characterized by their high water-holding capacity, also several of them are highly viscous in solution (Wursch et al, 1997). Pectins are constituents of the primary cell wall and intercellular layer of plant cells. They are insoluble in unripe fruit, yet become more water-soluble as the fruit ripens. Lastly, they have large water-holding capacity and form gels in aqueous solutions. Within the scientific community, it has been acknowledged that the presence of certain dietary fibres influences the digestion and absorption of CHO within the small intestine, resulting in a reduced and levelled off glycemic response. Importantly, this effect has been shown in both healthy and T2DM subjects (Jenkins et al, 2002; Anderson et al, 1994). It has widely been reported that viscous soluble fibre are most effective in improving glycemic control by reducing the postprandial glycemic response, in comparison to insoluble fibres (Jenkins et al, 1978; Elizondo-Montemayor et al, 2015). In contrast, it has also been established that when the viscosity of fibre in several products has been reduced through varied processing techniques then the reduction in blood glucose peak is attenuated (Wursch et al, 1997), signifying that both the solubility and viscosity of the fibre is directly linked to the attenuation of blood glucose. Due to the growing pool of scientific evidence linking t he consumption soluble fibre with a flattened glycemic response, several theories have been developed to explain what mechanisms in the small intestine may be causing the modulation of the glycemic response. One mechanism suggested is a delayed rate of gastric emptying. It is thought that due to the water-holding capacity of soluble fibre, a resulting delayed gastric emptying and transit time through the small intestine occurs, thereby resulting in a reduced rate of CHO absorption (Benini et al, 1995; Cherbut et al, 1995; Ou et al, 2001). Another proposed mechanism is that the ingestion of soluble fibre increases the viscosity in the small intestine resulting in a reduced mixing effect of peristalsis, thus reducing the digestion of CHO by pancreatic alpha-amylase and in turn causing a delayed diffusion of CHO to the intestinal mucosa (Cherbut et al, 1994; Ou et al, 2001). Lastly, it has also been proposed that the capacity of dietary fibre to bind to glucose may reduce the concentration of available glucose in the small intestine, resulting in reduced digestion and absorption of glucose (Ou et al, 2001). Considering all this, a theory has been developed to further explain the results observed in the present study for the Nutribullet mixed fruit treatment. The theory is that the banana used within the mixed fruit treatment is potentially the main fruit influencing the postprandial glycemic responses. As previously mentioned, the ripeness of fruits is a major influencing factor on the concentrations of soluble and insoluble fibre. Recall from the methodology in the present study that all of the fruit was freshly purchased within days of the appropriate trial. Therefore, it is highly probable that the banana included in the mixed fruit trial was unripe as they were refrigerated for no more than 2 days. This theory is based on the evidence that unripe or less-ripe bananas contain higher concentrations of resistant starch, in comparison to over-ripe bananas. Resistant starch has been found to be more slowly digested in humans by alpha-amylase thereby causing a flattened glycemic response due to the reduced availability of glucose (Wolever et al, 1990; Hermansen et al, 1992). From all of this information we have established that dietary fibre is still present in fruits which have been domestically blended, also we have discussed some of the mechanisms potentially causing the effects fibre has on glycemic response. The next question at hand is whether Nutribullet processing effects the sugar content of fruit. It has been proposed that foods containing Effects of Nutribullet processing on the composition of mango and mixed fruit carbohydrates The content of simple sugars was lower per portion of mango (11.8g) and mixed fruits (15.7g) after Nutribullet processing, compared to whole mango (16.5g) and whole mixed fruits (24.9) (Table 3).   Recall for the methodology in the present study that we calculated specific servings of each fruit to give 25g of sugar per serving among the whole fruit and Nutribullet treatments. Due to this it was hypothesized that HPLC analysis would reveal that the sugar content of the whole fruit treatments would be similar, if not lower, compared to the sugar content of the Nutribullet treatments. Previous work has suggested that processing fruits, through homogenization, can cause losses in cell integrity, thus resulting in the release of simple sugars from compartmentalized structures and non-covalent links (Elizondo-Montemayor et al, 2015). On the contrary, this was not observed in the present study. When comparing the total sugar content of both mango treatments to the observed postprandial glycemic responses (Figure 1), there is a discrepancy where the extrapolated IAUC for both mango treatments do not correlate with the sugar content revealed through HPLC analysis. For example, from figure 1 we can see that both mango treatments had a very similar postprandial glycemic response, yet HPLC analysis would suggest that the whole mango treatment should have had a higher glycemic response. Although this was not the case, signifying that errors in the HPLC methodology are potentially causing these results. For example, upon completion of the HPLC testing, it was regrettably found that several tubes containing various mango treatments still had remaining supernatant within them. This of course would explain the varied sugar content between the mango treatments and reflects that the investigators had varied pipetting skills. Regarding the mixed fruit HPLC results, the total sugar content of both mixed fruit treatments seem to correlate well with the postprandial glycemic responses (Figure 1). In addition, the mixed fruit Nutribullet contained half the sugar content compared to the whole fruit treatment. As discussed earlier, the potential mechanisms associated soluble fibre may explain why the Nutribullet treatment revealed to have a lower sugar content. For example, the fibre may have bound to the glucose molecules reducing the available glucose in the small intestine, thus resulting in the attenuation of postprandial glycemic response. An in vitro digestion model, designed to mimic the in vivo situation, was able to determine the glucose content within supernatant by mixing 1g of resistant starch or soluble fibre with 100ml of glucose solution, then incubating the mixture in a water bath (37 °C) for 6 hours, followed by centrifuging (Ou et al, 2001). The authors reported that the solutions which had added fibre contained less glucose within the supernatant, signifying that the fibre had binding potential to glucose. On the other hand, it is important to consider that the HPLC results for the mixed fruit treatments may also be subject to errors within the methodology. For example, looking at Table 4, there is high relative deviation amongst the whole fruit samples, yet not amongst the Nutribullet samples. This indicates that there was low precision during the measurement of whole fruit samples. Again, perhaps due to the low level of skill among the investigators with regards to the pipetting, syringing and filtration of supernatant. Considering all of these limitations, the results obtained from HPLC analysis provide little relevance and impact to the present study. Practical Implications of the results The fact that both the whole fruit and Nutribullet treatments elicited a low GI and specifically that the mixed fruit Nutribullet treatment showed a significantly lower GI (figure 2) has important clinical implications for both healthy and T2DM subjects. A relatively recent Cochrane review which was based on 11 randomized controlled trials, reported that glycemic control in T2DM subjects was improved significantly following a low GI diet, compared to those on a high GI diet (Thomas et al, 2009). In addition, a low GI diet elicited significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin A1c (0.5%) which are comparable to reductions usually found through medications for recently diagnosed T2DM patients (Holman, 1995; Holman, 1999). Furthermore, improvements in A1c of this size have been linked with the reduced risk of diabetes-related microvascular complications, such as retinopathy (Stratton, 2000). With regards to healthy subjects, diets containing low GI foods have been associated with reduct ions in body weight, improvements in lipid profile and a decreased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease (Jenkins et al, 2011; Barclay et al, 2008; Van Dam et al, 2000). Overall, as the Nutribullet does not appear increase their GI of commonly eaten fruits, both healthy and T2DM subjects could potentially benefit from this method of food preparation by improving glycemic control. Although as the results from the present study are novel, more research is needed before any conclusions can be drawn with regards to the safety and effectiveness of recommending that diabetics can consume fruit smoothies. Study limitations There are some limitations within the methodology of the present study that should be mentioned. Firstly, the present study employed only one reference trial. Recommendations are that the reference food (glucose) trial should be repeated at least once to minimise the variation of mean GI values (Wolever et al, 1991, 2002). For example, a simulation study carried out by Wolever et al (2003) found that the margin of error of the estimation of mean GI was reduced significantly from one to two reference measurements. Secondly, we were unable to enforce a strict standardization of diet and physical activity 24 hours prior to the test days which may reduce the reproducibility of the results. An ideal example would be that the subjects consumed a meal of their choice prior to the overnight fast and then would have been required to repeat that same meal before each trial. Thirdly, the results may be subject to selection bias as the participants included in the mixed fruit trials were also th e investigators of the study and randomization was not used. In addition, due to the 10% drop out rate, it is possible that the degree of statistical power and precision was reduced as recommendations are that glycemic trials include a minimum of 10 participants (Brouns et al, 2005). Although, several strengths include the appropriate use of a repeated measures design which ensures less individual differences and allows the inclusion of fewer participants. Another strength is that the protocol closely followed evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate the consumption of a variety of fruits including banana, mango, passion fruit, kiwi, raspberry and pineapple have a low GI and that processing these fruits with a Nutribullet generated further benefits, such as a significantly lower GI and a more favorable glycemic response. A higher proportion of the subjects presented a low GI for both of the Nutribullet treatments. These results are in conflict with current recommendations to restrict or avoid fruit smoothies. However, much evidence has indicated that the fibre content of fruit is still present after domestic and commercial processing treatments. More so, the evidence suggests that the presence of fibre within the processed fruit is still potentially having several beneficial effects on the postprandial glycemic response, such slowing gastric emptying and reducing the amount of available glucose through binding mechanisms. These results could potentially have clinical implications for healthy an d T2DM subjects who include these fruits in their diet. However, more research is needed 1. to determine if these effects are reproducible and 2. to determine the safety of diabetics consuming different fruit treatments produced by Nutribullet and/or other domestic appliances. Future research should further investigate the potential mechanisms involved with Nutribullet blending and how they are causing an altered glycemic response.

Looking for the :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Looking for the "I" Function among the Visual Processes; Contemplating its Character and Possibilities Oliver Sacks wrote a case study about a sixty-seven year old painter who lost his color vision as a result of a car accident. His vision was such that everything appeared to him as a black and white TV screen. After numerous tests his doctors could find nothing wrong with his eyes and concluded that he had a rare cerebral dysfunction form of achromatopsia caused by visual cortex damage. Mr. I, as Oliver Sacks called him, retained an awareness of where color should be. His color perception was replaced with a sharp acuity for tones of grey to a degree not known to color-sighted people or congenital color-blind people. He felt uncomfortable because he saw only "awful and disgusting" shades of grey where the color should have been. As an artist, his response to the loss of a fundamental faculty was to shun social and sexual intercourse, because everyone, including himself, looked like "animated grey statues". Food became disgusting because a black tomato suggested death to him. His awar eness of where the color should be because of all the grey shades and tones was so distracting that he began to try to surround himself with black and white-white rice, black coffee, ... even redecorating parts of his house in black and white (1). Recent research into visual perception has revealed that color recognition requires a minimum of three sub-systems to be functioning: Physical receptors (the retina cones), wavelength-sensitive cells (apparently located in an area of the brain known as V1), and a higher order color generating mechanism (located in the V4 region). These three processes need to work in harmony to yield the perception of color (1). Tests revealed that for Mr. I, the higher order color generating mechanism in V4 was not working. His other two processes were operating perfectly. Because of his two normal vision processes, Mr. I was able to judge variations in grey by the comparative wavelength of the reflected light without being able to see the actual color. Mr. I could also see textures and patterns that are normally obscured to those of us because of their embedding in color. Oliver Sacks puts it this way: "His brain damage had made him privy to, indeed trapped him within, a strange in- between state-the uncanny world of V1-a world of anomalous and, so to speak, prechromatic sensation, which could not be categorized as either color or colorless" (1).

Environment, Geographical Location, and its Affects on The Early River-Valley Essay

Food, shelter, fertile land, and trade were essential for early river-valley civilizations. Without food, shelter, fertile land, and trade early river-valleys where doomed for any future success in the land. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley are examples of some early river-valley civilizations that relied heavily on its geographies and Mother Nature. For early river-valley civilizations in Egypt the Nile River played a crucial role. Without the Nile, Egypt would be a bleak and hospitable desert filled with mountains, and rocks. The Nile provided water for the people of Egypt. With the Nile being really the only source of water for all of Egypt, I would imagine that these civilizations cherished the Nile heavily. The Nile also, helped the farming in Egypt improve. Every September, the Nile, overflowed its banks, spreading water out into the bordering depressed basins. When the waters receded, they left behind a fertile layer of mineral-rich silt, and the farmers could easily plant their crops in the moist soil. The early river-valley civilizations of Mesopotamia relied greatly on the Tigris, and the Euphrates Rivers. Mesopotamia means, â€Å"Land between the rivers.† Mesopotamian civilization developed in the plain alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates, which originate in the mountains of eastern Anatolia and empty into the Persian Gulf. Without the rivers, the civilizations would have struggled greatly to survive. Reed plants, which grew on the riverbanks and in the marshy southern delta, could easily be woven into mats, baskets, huts, and boats. Also, fish from the rivers and marshes were an important part of the people’s diet [http://search.targetwords.com/u.search?x=5977%7C1%7C%7C%7C%7Cdiet%7CAA1VDw]. Another benefit that the rivers gave to the early civilizations was that, herds of sheep, and goat which grazed on the fallow land provided wool, and milk. Finally, the early river-valley civilizations in the Indus Valley relied significantly on the Indus River. Twice a year the river overflows its banks and spreads for as much as 10 miles. In March and April melting snow would melt and feed the rivers. Then, in August, the great monsoon would blow off the ocean to bring rains that swell streams flowing into the Indus. As a result, farmers in this region of little rainfall were able to plant and harvest two crops a year. With a bad environment and a bad geographical location an early river-valley civilization didn’t have much of a chance surviving. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley were some of the lucky locations where their environment and geographical location benefited them greatly. Egypt would have had barely any water, Mesopotamia wouldn’t have been able to trade, and the Indus Valley would have had been deserted without each locations geographical gift.

The seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure

User – The User Domain is the critical backbone of our network and we must pay close attention to user activity and shape user behavior on our network. I list this as a high priority due to the fact that it is the one that will most likely open up threats on our network from file downloading and surfing the web. My proposal for a solution for this would be to restrict web browsing to only required users. This will allow us to focus our concentration on those users, monitoring for potential network vulnerabilities.I also suggest we implement a basic training course on the proper use of sensitive data and best common computer practices. Workstation – The Workstation Domain is where we can focus our energy on maintaining a clean network. We should do nightly anti-virus scans which will report any found issues back to the IT Department. This will then allow the IT Department to track down the user responsible for infecting the network and allow us to pursue corrective actio n. LAN – For the wired portion of our network, I propose a few solutions that will help secure our network.First we will need to ensure the safety of our equipment from tampering. We should have all switches and sensitive equipment (i. e. Servers and Network Attached Storage (NAS) Devices) in a room that is locked at all times. If available, we can use a card access system to monitor employees that gain access to this portion of our network. Wireless connections open our network to potential threats. We should do everything possible to limit the number of allowed wireless devices on our network. I suggest that we enforce a policy of a primary and secondary wireless network.This would allow us to give our employees the functions they need while maintaining a secure network. Our primary network will be secured with Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) and the user of a complex passphrase to prevent brute force attacks. This section of our network will have a limited number o f users allowed, with each users activity being closely monitored. The second wireless network will be an isolated network which will allow all approved employees and clients to gain outside access on their mobile devices, without compromising our network.Another step would be to implement security on the network side by locking down each switch port to a specific mac address. This will help circumvent someone from removing the cable from a computer and plugging in another device. While this doesn’t completely eliminate threats of that kind, it will lessen the chance of having an unknowing user infect our network with a virus brought from another destination. LAN to WAN – The bridge between our outside network or WAN to the internal network should be monitored closely.As mentioned in the WAN section above, we should focus on restricting access to our network to help prevent unwanted attacks. I suggest that we implement a hardware firewall on our network. A hardware fir ewall will give our network a much needed layer of security against potential threats. WAN – For this domain I suggest that we implement Virtual Private Network (VPN) servers for any of our employees or clients that are trying to access our network remotely.We should also ensure that all unused ports on our network are blocked which would help limit attacks on our network. We should approach it from the stance of what we need, not what we do not need and start our outbound firewall with all ports closed. Only open the ports that are needed to have our network function. Remote Access – The Remote Access Domain should be monitored closely with each connection and activity extensively logged. Allowing access to our network from an outside source, opens up many possible threats to our network.I suggest that we create a separate server and network for our remote access, keeping it isolated from our primary network. We could implement server and storage mirroring for both ne tworks. This would allow employees to work on projects from a remote location, or clients see the progress of project and not put our network at risk. Systems/Applications – Since the system/ application domain consists of all of a business’s mission-critical systems, applications, and data it is important to ensure that this domain is secure at all times.Failure to do so will result in large amounts of sensitive information as well as the threat of having productions cease to function. Unauthorized physical access is gaining access to a physical entity without permission. This is potentially dangerous because if an individual were to gain such access they could destroy the systems and data within the systems. This threat is centered on access to such places as data centers with a great deal of sensitive information. To prevent unauthorized physical access policies, standards, procedures and guidelines must be followed.For example, all guests must be escorted by an emp loyee at all times. Staff should immediately report any suspicious activity and question persons that do not have an employee ID or badge visible. Data loss occurs when any stored data is destroyed. This is considered the greatest risk to the system/ application domain. To combat data loss, backups should occur regularly. The backups should be stored at an off- site location to allow full data recovery in the event of data loss.

Juan Osong Essay Example

Juan Osong Essay Example Juan Osong Essay Juan Osong Essay Juan Wearing a Monkey’s Skin This Filipino story was recorded in English based on a Kapampangan (Pampango, from the province of Pampanga) version in the early 20th century. There is also a Bicolano (Bikulano, from Bicol) version of this story. Once upon a time there was a couple which was at first childless. The father was very anxious to have a son to inherit his property: so he went to the church daily, and prayed God to give him a child, but in vain. One day, in his great disappointment, the man exclaimed without thinking, â€Å"O great God! et me have a son, even if it is in the form of a monkey! † and only a few days later his wife gave birth to a monkey. The father was so much mortified that he wanted to kill his son; but finally his better reason prevailed, and he spared the child. He said to himself, â€Å"It is my fault, I know; but I uttered that invocation without thinking. † So, instead of putting the monkey to death, the couple just hid it from visit ors; and whenever any one asked for the child, they merely answered, â€Å"Oh, he died long ago. † The time came when the monkey grew to be old enough to marry. He went to his father, and said, â€Å"Give me your blessing, father, for I am going away to look for a wife. † The father was only too glad to be freed from this obnoxious son, so he immediately gave him his blessing. Before letting him go, however, the father said to the monkey, â€Å"You must never come back again to our house. † â€Å"Very well, I will not,† said the monkey. The monkey then left his father’s house, and went to find his fortune. One night he dreamed that there was a castle in the midst of the sea, and that in this castle dwelt a princess of unspeakable beauty. The princess had been put there so that no one might discover her existence. The monkey, who had been baptized two days after his birth and was named Juan, immediately repaired to the palace of the king. There he posted a letter which read as follows: â€Å"I, Juan, know that your Majesty has a daughter. † Naturally the king was very angry to have his secret discovered. He immediately sent soldiers to look for Juan. Juan was soon found, and brought to the palace. The king said to him, â€Å"How do you know that I have a daughter? If you can bring her here, I will give her to you for a wife. If not, however, your head shall be cut off from your body. † â€Å"O your Majesty! † said Juan, â€Å"I am sure that I can find her and bring her here. I am willing to lose my head if within three days I fail to fulfil my promise. † After he had said this, Juan withdrew, and sadly went out to look for the hidden princess. As he was walking along the road, he heard the cry of a bird. He looked up, and saw a bird caught between two boughs so that it could not escape. The bird said to him, â€Å"O monkey, if you will but release me, I will give you all I have. † â€Å"Oh, no! † said the monkey. I am very hungry, and would much rather eat you. † â€Å"If you will but spare my life,† said the bird, â€Å"I will give you anything you want. † â€Å"On one condition only will I set you free,† said the monkey. â€Å"You must procure for me the ring of the princess who lives in the midst of the sea. † â€Å"Oh, that’s an easy thing to do,† said the bird. So the monkey climbed the tree and set the bird free. The bird immediately flew to the island in the sea, where fortunately it found the princess refreshing herself in her garden. The princess was so charmed with the song of the bird, that she looked up, and said, â€Å"O little bird! f you will only promise to live with me, I will give you anything you want. † â€Å"All right,† said the bird. â€Å"Give me your ring, and I will forever live with you. † The princess held up the ring; and the bird suddenly snatched it and flew away with it. It gave the ring to the monkey, who was, of course, delighted to get it. Now the monkey jogged along the road until finally he saw three witches. He approached them, and said to them, â€Å"You are the very beings for whom I have spent the whole day looking. God has sent me here from heaven to punish you for your evil doings toward innocent persons. So I must eat you up. † Now, witches are said to be afraid of ill-looking persons, although they themselves are the ugliest beings in all the world. So these three were terribly frightened by the monkey’s threat, and said, â€Å"O sir! spare our lives, and we will do anything for you ! † â€Å"Very well, I will spare you if you can execute my order. From this shore you must build a bridge which leads to the middle of the sea, where the castle of the princess is situated. † â€Å"That shall be speedily done,† replied the witches; and they at once gathered leaves, which they put on their backs. Then they plunged into the water. Immediately after them a bridge was built. Thus the monkey was now able to go to the castle. Here he found the princess. She was very much surprised to see this evil-looking animal before her; but she was much more frightened when the monkey showed her the ring which the bird had given him, and claimed her for his wife. â€Å"It is the will of God that you should go with me,† said the monkey, after the princess had shown great repugnance towards him. â€Å"You either have to go with me or perish. Thinking it was useless to attempt to resist such a mighty foe, the princess finally yielded. The monkey led her to the king’s palace, and presented her before her parents; but no sooner had the king and queen seen their daughter in the power of the beast, than they swooned. When they had recovered, they said simultaneously, â€Å"Go away at once, and never come back here again, you girl of infamous taste! Who are you? You are not the princes s we left in the castle. You are of villain’s blood, and the very air which you exhale does suffocate us. So with no more ado depart at once! The princess implored her father to have pity, saying that it was the will of God that she should be the monkey’s wife. â€Å"Perhaps I have been enchanted by him, for I am powerless to oppose him. † But all her remonstrance was in vain. The king shut his ears against any deceitful or flattering words that might fall from the lips of his faithless and disobedient daughter. Seeing that the king was obstinate, the couple turned their backs on the palace, and decided to find a more hospitable home. So the monkey now took his wife to a neighboring mountain, and here they settled. One day the monkey noticed that the princess was very sad and pale. He said to her, â€Å"Why are you so sad and unhappy, my darling? What is the matter? † â€Å"Nothing. I am just sorry to have only a monkey for my husband. I become sad when I think of my past happiness. † â€Å"I am not a monkey, my dear. I am a real man, born of human parents. Didn’t you know that I was baptized by the priest, and that my name is Juan? † As the princess would not believe him, the monkey went to a neighboring hut and there cast off his disguise (balit cayu). He at once returned to the princess. She was amazed to see a sparkling youth of not more than twenty years of age- nay, a prince- kneeling before her. â€Å"I can no longer keep you in ignorance,† he said. â€Å"I am your husband, Juan. † â€Å"Oh, no! I cannot believe you. Don’t try to deceive me! My husband is a monkey; but, with all his defects, I still cling to him and love him. Please go away at once, lest my husband find you here! He will be jealous, and may kill us both. † â€Å"Oh, no! my darling, I am your husband, Juan. I only disguised myself as a monkey. † But still the princess would not believe him. At last she said to him, â€Å"If you are my real husband, you must give me a proof of the fact. † So Juan [we shall hereafter call him by this name] took her to the place where he had cast off his monkey-skin. The princess was now convinced, and said to herself, â€Å"After all, I was not wrong in the belief I have entertained from the beginning,- that it was the will of God that I should marry this monkey, this man. † Juan and the princess now agreed to go back to the palace and tell the story. So they went. As soon as the king and queen saw the couple, they were very much surprised; but to remove their doubt, Juan immediately related to the king all that had happened. Thus the king and queen were finally reconciled to the at first hated couple. Juan and his wife succeeded to the throne on the death of the king, and lived peacefully and happily during their reign. The story is now ended. Thus we see that God compensated the father and mother of Juan for their religious zeal by giving them a son, but punished them for not being content with what He gave them by taking the son away from them again, for Juan never recognized his parents.

Subway (sandwiches) going to Norway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Subway (sandwiches) going to Norway - Essay Example The kingdom of Norway is the second least densely populated country of Europe. It is a population of approximately 5 million people but it holds top global rankings in various industries. Norway is the fifth largest oil exporter, third largest natural gas exporter and second largest exporter of seafood. (Norway considers avenging Chinese bullying, 2012) Let us conduct SWOT analysis of Norway as the potential target market for expansion. Norway is blessed with stable labor force, technological development along with natural resources which provide suitable environment for businesses. However, entrepreneurs find some difficult to target the niche audience. There is emphasis on small enterprises. The high per capita income is considered as bonus point for businesses. There is a big export potential and there are several opportunities to exploit them. However, there are few strict regulations which go against the businessmen and it serves as threat for businesses. (Norway considers avenging Chinese bullying, 2012) Now, let us consider the expansion of Subway chain in Norway. Subway is one of the fastest growing restaurants in the world which has more than 36000 franchises in 100 countries of the world. Norway can be the potential market for Subway. The largest export client of Norway is United States of America and it has got comparative advantage over it. The largest export item of Norway is fossil fuels products for U.S.A and it also exports petroleum products, telecommunication equipment, natural gas, military equipment, steel manufacturing materials and much more. Subway will extend its business to Norway in next year. It will conduct market research to understand the competition and nature of investments required to achieve its objectives. Then hire the best people or sign franchising agreements with locals to achieve maximum economies of scale and ease of doing business. Most of the

The impact of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The impact of globalization - Essay Example Globalisation has impacted every aspect of human life. Globalisation has been through different stages of evolution and at each stage changes have taken place rapidly. The term ‘globalisation’ not very common thirty years ago, is today a major point of discussion all over the word. According to Giddens (2006), globalisation could be defined as an external force, which is an outcome of the changes in the economical, political, social and cultural conditions. These have contributed to enhanced global relationship. Appaduria (2008) believes that advance technology, such as industrialism and transport, have contributed significantly to the globalisation process and the development of the hospitality sector as well. This essay will examine relationship between hospitality industry and globalisation process focusing on economic, social and cultural viewpoints. After discussion of the concept and definition of ‘globalisation’ and ‘hospitality’, the his torical perspective on social, cultural and economical aspects of the hospitality sector’s development is presented. Next, the inter-relationship between globalization and hospitality is discussed. Lastly, the positive and negative impact of globalisation on hospitality industry is discussed. Concept of globalisation Globalisation means differently to different people. It is the integration of nations through international trade of goods and services (Frankel, 2006). It is the concept of moving towards one world, one single society, one economy. The aim was to open the world market to everybody with the expectation that it would contribute to the social and economic disorder prevailing in the world. Globalisation is also the ‘intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities’ and it has also been as the ‘compression of the world’ and ‘a social process in which the people become increasingly aware that they are recedin g’ (Mak, Lumbers & Eves, 2011). All these definitions imply that globalisation leads to worldwide interdependence and integration, in addition to an increased global consciousness. The major drivers of globalization according to Singer (2004) include social-demographic (regional, cultural), technological advancement. These imply changes in telecommunication, internet, transportation, profit motives, market share, foreign direct investments, ecological and environmental factors such as pollution and green laws, political-legal factors like reducing trade barriers, and political stability. Technological changes have brought about upgradation but have also increased income inequality between highly skilled workers and unskilled workers. As Singer states, the welfare of one individual cannot take place without affecting another individual. Globalisation has widened the gap between the rich and the poor; it has increased competition, liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation but it has undermined the economic prospects for millions of people around the world (Frankel, 2006). Globalisation is also seen as the dominance of western and cultural interests over the rest of the world (Brinkman & Brinkman, 2002). It is also seen as the penetration of capitalism in every corner of the world thereby enabling the entire population to participate in the fruits of international division of labour and economy. Globalisation is a restricting process that affects every aspect of human life – capital flows, political collaboration and flow of ideas (Hjalager, 2007). It also includes environmental pollution, criminal behaviour, diseases and terror. Defining ‘hospitality’ The word hospitality is used by different groups in different ways. Similarly, various definitions of the word ‘hospitality’ are provided. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as, ‘the act or practice of being hospitable: the reception and entertainment of guests or st rangers with liberality and goodwill’ (Hepple, Kipps & Thomson, 1990, p306). Some also consider hospitality to be a provision of physical and psychological

Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Children - Essay Example The question now arises that ‘what leads the children to divert from the society’s well treaded path?’ Is it because of the dramatically changing world? Or is because of the free media showing what ever it wants? Children have impressionable minds. From an early age they observe and remember what goes on around them. Sounds and pictures are the two main senses that mould the character of the child from an early stage. Of course the parents and the environment also mould the child’s character, but pictures in television and music are the main contributors to the development of a child in these modern times. [3] The Language The language used for most children targeted channels is getting more and more open. The cartoons like Johnny Bravo among others create that urge among children to attempt or copy the same styles irrespective to which society they belong to. Kid’s drama series show either love or violence which the children are apt to imitate in one form or the other. [2] The article ‘childish thongs’ that appeared in the guardian on Monday March 31st 2003 is also highlighting the points mentioned above. The language in the article is very strict and has a tone of anger complaining about the plight of children as a result of unchecked companies that propagate sex appeal in their products. The article does not blame the children for wearing garments that increase their sex appeal since children are immature and do not understand what they are getting involved in. [1] The Media The ideas about a certain thing are bred in to children from a variety of sources such as TV and movies. Children at their young ages watch and hear the pictures and sounds of the glamorous world which attracts them to follow the lead. This is the magic of the media. Showing explicit or obscene images on TV loosens the devil out of a child's heart and makes the child act in certain manners unacceptable to the society. [4] Music and TV artists like Britney Spears appearing in music videos wearing minimum clothing allowed on TV only appeals to the audience. The viewers world over go wild as the men drool over the sex-appeal involved while the women enact Britney Spears in order to get the same attention from the men. The children watching the video think dressing that way would get them rich and famous and get the desired attention. However these dreams are not always pretty in the real life. The increasing rape cases, sexual harassment and child pornography are some of the results of this trend towards wearing minimum clothes. [1] The role of the media in reaching to this trend is almost 100%. The cultures of one side of the world are shown on the other side, meaning that cultural clashes are bound to occur. Media is free to show whatever they want or tell whatever they want to and when ever there is a ban them, the media come up in arms cursing the government for not giving them media-freedom. Being the leaders of tomorrow, children getting involved in devilish acts can mark our world heading for chaos. Sanity must prevail within media channels to encourage dignity and self respect in children rather than propagating dangerous deeds against the boundaries of the society. [4] The media must aim to show images, documentaries or videos that give a meaning or a moral that the children can learn. Through articles like these, the parents of the children can be given a heads-up warning that their children involved in

Fitness Market Analysis Essay Example for Free

Fitness Market Analysis Essay Industry/market Industry: How many fitness centers? What’s their revenues? Profit margins? Is it growing? Concentrated or not? Market: PMB, attendance, consumer spending, Statistics Canada (average spending) General Trends: Growing? Health trends? Key Competitors: other popular gyms in the area (Nautilus, Progym, energy cardio) The Fitness Market The fitness market is very large and keeps growing. This market is targeted at anyone who wants to be in shape and is looking to live a healthier lifestyle. In 2009, consumers spent on average 186$ on fitness facilities and the median expenditure per household was 390$. We notice a positive trend of fitness center attendance during the past 10 years. Since 2003, there has been an increase in participating in a physical activity throughout the population of Quebec. Even though this change is small, it is a good indicator that people are looking to workout more. If we notice other health behaviours in Quebec we will notice the same positive trend of wanting to live a healthy lifestyle. There has been a drop in the smoker population: dropping from 26.4% in 2003 to 23.8% in 2010. People are also consuming more fruits and vegetables (5 times a day) an increase from 45.4% to 51.1% (2003-2010). Even the population’s life expectancy increased by 2 years to 81 from 2003 to 2008. All these statistics give us a good understand of our population’s health behaviours allowing to conclude that that the fitness center market has a high potential for profit because people are looking to stay fit and live healthier and longer.

Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle

Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle Should Smoking Be Banned? Discuss In Relation to J.S Mills Harm Principle Smoking has held a social stigma for many years, yet has generally been protected from being prohibited due to the principle of a freedom to smoke. However, freedom comes in many forms and means different things to different people, and with some concepts of freedom it may be seen that smoking should be banned. This essay will focus on one particular idea of freedom, J.S Mills Harm Principle, and will look in depth at how this relates to smoking. The essay will look at whether smoking should be banned, either partially, as is the case in Britain today or completely. The essay will also look at ideas such as Paternalism and consent and how this relates to J.S Mills Harm Principle and a smoking ban and concludes on whether smoking should be banned. J. S Mills Harm Theory is an idea based on the instrumental value of freedom. Instrumental value of freedom is concerned with the outcome, as opposed with the intrinsic value which is more concerned with freedom itself being fulfilled, the outcome desired usually being one with the most utility. Mills Harm Theory is the principle that a person should be restricted from committing an act that will cause harm. There are however restrictions to this rule. Acts are divided into two categories, other regarding and self regarding. Other regarding cause harm to others, such as assaulting another person, self regarding only harms the actor. Mills argues that only other regarding actions should be prohibited. N. Barry states the only grounds for interfering with an individual is to prevent harm to others; over action that affect only himself the individual is sovereign.1 Thus, under Mills Harm Principle actions that affect only the actor should not be prohibited. Mills did not think that all self-regarding acts are morally indifferent, and the principle supports persuasion against self regarding acts that are deemed immoral, however it is not persuasion, and coercion, that should be used.2 The reasoning behind Mills principle is that he believed in maximum freedom of the person. With regard to expression and thought, Mills Harm Principle does not place the same restrictions he places on actions. Other regarding actions that only cause offence and not injury should not be prohibited, no matter how much offence is caused. Clearly Mills had placed restriction on other regarding actions, as causing injury to others should not be defended in the name of freedom. None the less J. S Mills clearly thought that state authority should be markedly limited so as to leave as much room for liberty.3 The Harm Principle can be applied to the concept of smoking; however there are several interpretations and criticisms of this. Smoking in public is generally seen as an other regarding action as it causes harm to others. Second hand smoke (SHS) contains 4000 toxic chemicals4 and the Smoking in private however is usually seen as a self regarding action as the only harm caused is to the smoker. Thus, following the J. S Mills Harm Principle smoking should be banned in public places, but not banned entirely. The UK government introduced a ban on smoking in all public places in 20075 and this seems like the appropriate action if you were to follow J.S Mills Harm Principle. There are however many criticisms of the Harm Principle that actually suggest a ban on smoking in public places does not go far enough. It can be argued that smoking privately in your own home is not merely a self regarding action. Political theorists, notably James Fitzjames Stephen and Lord Delvin, have argued that there is not such thing as a self regarding action as all actions have some effect on others. Garner summarises this argument stating that there is no such thing as private immortality in the sense that even our private behaviour will have public consequence.6 It seems unlikely that even the most trivial private action would affect society, however there is a strong case that smoking does. Firstly smokers are likely to have their health affected later in life due to their smoking, which could ultimately lead to seriously health problems or death. It is argued that this would cause financial harm, through funeral costs or being left without a financial provider, and emoti onal harm to the smokers family. It is also argued that smokers harm society as tax payer money is spent on providing NHS treatment or social benefits if the smoker is left unable to work due to his habit.7 It can be argued then that smoking privately is not a self regarding action, is in fact an other regarding action, and thus following J.S Mills harm principle should be banned completely. D.D Raphael states however that this objection is not to the principle of Mills position, but to its unreality, its lack of application.8 In theory there are self regarding actions, but in reality they rarely, if at all, exist. Paternalism counters J.S Mills idea that a self regarding act, presuming they exist, should be allowed. Paternalism, with regard to smoking, would argue that the state ought to be concerned with the moral welfare of the individual agent.9 Paternalism would support the state prohibiting smoking in order to protect the individual, and thus would support an absolute ban on smoking. This is the same principle behind that of controlled drugs, of which the consumption is illegal if done so privately. Mill would obviously reject this principle as it goes against what is set out in the Harm Principle. Mill advocated the freedom of action, even if it is self harming as he believed it was both character forming, and humans are the best judge of their actions.10 Professor H. L. A Hart was a keen supporting of the idea that criminal law is to prevent harm to other people however even Hart accepted that the propriety of some paternalistic legislation e.g on the control of drugs.11 Smoking is as h armful clearly harmful to the user, with 25% of smokers dying from the habit12, then surely it is the states responsibility to prohibit the action. This is certainly the paternalistic viewpoint. Goodin makes an interesting point in The Ethics of Smoking. A supporter of Mills may argue Paternalism prohibition of smoking stops the individual from being free. However, if the smoker is trying to quit then by banning smoking completely, we are simply using coercion to enable people to carry out their own goals.13 Consent is an issue that is commonly found when discussing the banning of smoking, and has been used by both pro and anti ban theorist. It may be argued that non-smokers choose to visit public places where smoking is prevalent such as pubs or clubs. The harm they receive then from second hand smoke has been consented to as they choose to visit said public place. This would seem to conclude that smoking in public is only an other regarding action if it has been consented to, and therefore that smoking should be allowed freely in all public places. However, non-smokers if they sought to visit non-smoking pubs and clubs would have very limited choice. Even more importantly individuals who work in areas where smoking is allowed will suffer even greater health risks due to their constant interaction with second hand smoke. Goodin argued that passive smoking generally occurs as unavoidable consequence of being in proximity to smokers and thus they are involuntarily smoking.14 Therefore, it can be argued, there is actually no consent, so this cannot be used as a defence against ban of smoking in public places. If consent is not an argument for allowing smoking in public places, then it is certainly used when countering a complete smoking ban. Anti-Smoking ban individuals state that they have consented to smoking, and thus to the harm itself. Therefore they did not require any paternalistic state intervention. Dworkin summarises this stating the incurring of harm requires the active co-operation of the victim.15 This supports Mills idea that an individual is the best judge of their own actions, and they want to smoke and know the consequences it is their right to do so. However Goodin makes an interesting contradiction. As tobacco is addictive due to chemicals such as nicotine then the individual only consents to the first cigarette, as they cannot help but smoke after this. Goodin argues if the product is truly addictive, then we have no more reason to respect the persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to abandon his future validation to an addiction than we have for respecting a persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to sell himself to slavery.16 There are more practical objections to a complete ban on smoking however. Barry, amongst others, points out a utilitarian view supporting smoking. If smoking was to be banned, and tobacco was to be made an illegal substance society would see many negative consequences. There would be an increase in crime, both of the users and dealers of tobacco, and a gangster culture would develop around tobacco just as it has with controlled goods. As tobacco would be very expensive to (illegally) purchase, crime rates would increase that way as users may commit crime to fund their expensive habit.17 This can easily be related with the criticism of Mills Harm Theory that smoking is not an other regarding action due to its cost to society. If smoking was to be banned completely the increase in crime because of this would have a larger detrimental cost than would be saved through the decrease in NHS and social spending. The question remains, should smoking be banned? Strictly following the Harm Principle it would seem that smoking should be banned in public, but in private, as then it is only harming the user. However, this is only the case if you agree that smoking in private is a self regarding action. We have seen arguments both for and against classify smoking as a completely other regarding action and if this is the case then in theory smoking should be completely banned. Smoking should also be banned completely if you believe the state should play a paternalistic role in protecting its citizens from the harm of smoking. Consent obviously plays a role in this topic and we have seen how it has been argued that a smoker who consents to the harm should be allowed to continue smoking, although there have even been contradictions to this. Practicality should not forgotten, and a complete ban in smoking raises some serious concerns about the social effect this would have. It seems then that a compromise is needed in order to decide whether smoking should be banned. A ban in public places seems to be best solution to the problem; it protects passive smokers yet eliminates the danger to society that would occur if smoking was completely banned. Of course, some would argue we are still letting individuals harm themselves, however adult humans know the risk of smoking, and on a whole the cost to the individual is less than the possible cost to society. It seems J.S Mills Harm Principle is ideal for addressing the question of a smoking ban, and a ban on public smoking, as seen in the UK and states around the world is the best solution. 1 N. Barry, Modern Political Theory 4th ed. (Basingstoke; Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000) p.211 2 Ibid. p.211 3 D.D. Raphael, Problems of Political Philosophy 2ND ed. (London; Pall Mall Press Ltd, 1990) p.78 4http:/smokefree.nhs.uk/why-go-smokefree/secondhand-smoke/ accessed December 5 2009 5 R. Garner, Introduction to Politics (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2009) p.100 6 Garner (2009) p101 8 Rapheal (1990) p.66 9 Ibid. p66 10 Barry (2000) p.101 11 Rapheal (1990) p.81 12 R.E Goodin, The Ethics of Smoking, Ethics, Vol.99, No.3, (1989) p.588 13 Goodin (1989) p.586 14 Ibid. p.586 15 Goodin (1989) p.579 16Ibid p.586 17Barry (2001) p.219

GRENDEL THE SAVAGE :: essays papers

GRENDEL THE SAVAGE Portraying adolescents as false tragic heroes has been a theme explored in literature throughout the twentieth century. In John Gardner’s Grendel, the protagonist Grendel, portrayed as a parentless adolescent seeking guidance, finds happiness in violence. Grendel continually commits the ultimate act of evilness, murder on Hrothgar’s mead hall. Gardner creates a character and an environment in, which the reader must feel sorrow for Grendel, in order to have fulfillment by the end of the resolution. However, Gardner uses Grendel and writing in general as tool to communicate his liberal philosophies to a wider audience making it difficult to weep over Grendel’s death. Grendel is not a misguided youth; he is a monster who willingly takes part in his death by indulging himself in violence. In Grendel, the protagonist spends his ephemeral life attacking Hrothgar’s mead hall, and Grendel takes the lives of Hrothgar’s men during the raids. When Grendel encounters the dragon, Grendel turns into a barbaric machine, after his self-realization. After the dragon, Grendel begins his contentious â€Å"war† with Hrothgar. The attacks on Hrothgar are essentially a deranged pastime for Grendel. After the attacks, Grendel feels some remorse, although this could merely be a biological reaction to the tyranny. Even if Grendel feels remorse, it is still no excuse to slaughter. If Grendel’s attacks are means of survival, then he must surely realize his death is necessary. Grendel returns to the mead hall repeatedly, even after the scenes of sick compassion. Grendel’s regrets only last long enough for the reader to see another side of him. The side of remorse and regret quickly disappears as he feels the hunger of death again. Grendel is a three – dimensional character. At the same time, Grendel can lose his confused frivolous existence and become a bloodthirsty killer. Grendel reflects modern troubled youth. He is lost in a corrupt world and consequently the use of violence is a means of short-term escape. Although we want to see Grendel saved, it is impossible to aid all adolescents in troubled. In addition, if we say Grendel’s acts are justifiable because he lives in terrible world, we are also saying it is justifiable for a drug dealer to deal out drugs. In order to maintain balance in civilization, we must have equal shares of compassion and common sense. Common sense tells us children are not products of their environment.

Is Mark Twain a Racist?

Is Mark Twain A racist? Many believe certain things about Twain's â€Å"Great American novel,† makes it a racist book, like the overuse of the word, â€Å"nigger,† and the given depiction of the black slave, Jim. However, there is a substantial amount of evidence that this book was not written out of hate, but in hope that Twain could change the ideals of skin color of the white people around him. The first and foremost question most people ask when they read the novel is, â€Å"was Mark Twain a racist? There are assumptions that because of Twain's use of edgy language and writing in the point of view of racists, that he was a racist himself. Much of the article is Twain going into detail about the type of environment and adults this young boy has been raised with, and how racism against the Chinese is commonplace. For example, the Chinese are taxed twice as much as all the other races to mine for gold. Also, when they are caught stealing from a mine, they are hung. Ho wever, when the same happens to the other races, they are only asked to leave the mining camp (Galaxy).In one part, the narrator shares, â€Å"†¦ [the boy] found out that in many districts of the vast Pacific coast, so strong is the wild, free love of justice in the hearts of the people, that whenever any secret and mysterious crime is committed, they say, â€Å"Let justice be done, though the heavens fall,† and go straightway and swing a Chinaman. † (Galaxy) The reason why Twain lists these observations is to show the city of San Francisco that it is not the boy who's at fault, because, â€Å"What had the child's education been? How should he suppose it was wrong to stone a Chinaman (Galaxy)? In fact, in one part of the article, the boy says, â€Å"†Ah, there goes a Chinaman! God will not love me if I do not stone him (Galaxy). † With this article, Twain hoped that he could allow the adult of the city to see how foolish they have been acting towards the Chinese and it was not the boy who is acting childish, but it is the men whom the young boy looked up to. This is the same scenario with the controversy surrounding, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. † In both stories we see a young boy who lives in a society that is racist against a certain race only because they were raised that way.An example of this in, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† is one of the first things we hear from Huck's father and his feelings about black people who have done well in the country. He refers to an African-American college professor who wore nice clothes and was intelligent. Also, since the man was from Ohio, he was also allowed to vote. It's interesting how Huck's father says, â€Å"It was ‘lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn't too drunk to get there†¦ (37)†.The irony in this is how Huck's father, a man who is obviously morally, financially, socially, and intellectuall y inferior to the professor he met, believes he is superior to the man because of their difference in skin colors. This confirms that Huck was raised in a racist environment, which means that things Huck says or does probably isn't out of hate, but because that's the way he's been raised in his home and society. Something very risky that Twain did to show others his position on slavery and racism was when he volunteered to help pay for one of the first black student's tuition at Yale University.In his letter do the Dean of the university explaining why he wanted to do this, he said, â€Å"We have ground the manhood out of them, and the shame is ours, not theirs, and we should pay for it (Fishkin). † This act and quote shows that Mark Twain felt personally convicted about slavery as a terrible mistake towards the black society and wanted to give something back to those affected. Therefore, with all his negative experiences with slaves and racism, why would this man write a boo k that goes against the ideals he so boldly defends?This book should not be looked at as an attack against African-Americans, but as another way Twain tried to repay the debt he felt he owed the slaves and their families (Fishkin). When the book first introduces Jim, it seems that the slave is almost superstitious to the point of idiocy. In chapter two, Jim falls asleep when looking for Tom and Huck in Mrs. Watson's yard. Tom takes Jim's hat and places it on a branch above his head, and when Jim wakes up he tells the other slaves a group of witches, â€Å"rode him all over the world, and tired him most to death, and his back was all over saddle-boils (14). Two chapters later, Jim pulls a hairball out of an ox's stomach and claims an all-knowing spirit lives inside (26). Many people find Jim's superstitions very offensive and racist because it emphasizes the idea that slaves had no hope in having a good life. Some believe that since the slaves were treated so poorly and had little c hance of escaping their sentence, they made up superstitions as a way to escape from their cruel reality. Most African-American advocates of anning Twain's novel from schools don't think their children should have to read about a time in their family's history where so much pain, suffering and dignity was lost. The fact that Twain makes Jim an extremely superstitious character, is interpreted by many as a racist action (Wolfson). However, who's to say that Jim's superstitions are not just a creative way for him to take advantage of certain things for his own personal gain? It's possible that Jim used the witch story from chapter two because he knew he'd gain popularity throughout the slave world.It even says later that slaves traveled from far places to hear Jim's witch story. As with the hairball, Jim could have just used it to get a quick â€Å"buck† from Huck, or other customers who wanted some questions answered, since Jim pretended the spirit wouldn't work unless it was paid. If Jim's superstitions are viewed in this light, he should be looked at as a very clever human being, rather than a hopeless slave, and no one with the same skin color as him should be offended (Fishkin). Another big issue people have with the book is its seemingly overuse of the word, â€Å"nigger. Throughout the book, the word is mentioned an overwhelming two hundred and fifteen times, something that many see as unnecessary, since the word comes with such a negative, degrading implication in today's world. However, there is much debate whether or not the term carried the type of negative connotation it has today, but even if people did use the name as an insult, there are still reasonable explanations as to why Mark Twain would use this word. First of all, Twain strived to make this novel as realistic as possible.If he had not used the language of his time or depicted characters the way they were in his time period, then no one would have taken his book seriously. It's poss ible that there were other names that were less offensive that he could have used, but doing so would not have been as effective in exposing the ugliness of racism as, â€Å"nigger† does. The word reinforced the book's idea that the societies of the southern United States lived in constant racism. Though it's unclear whether Shelley Fisher Fishkin supported this idea, she says in her book, A Historical Guide to Mark Twain: †¦ â€Å"nigger†] was integral to the project of presenting and indicating a racist society, whose illegitimate racial hierarchy was embodied in the use of that word, because it was central to dramatizing the failure of everyone in that society (black and white) to challenge the legitimacy of the status quo and of the word that cemented and reinforced it, and because the diction was realistic to the time and characters. (137) The relation between, Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy, and the novel at hand must also be analyzed.The young boy who sto ned the Chinese man didn't commit the crime because he hated the Chinese, he did it because that's what he was taught to do. When Huck referred to the slaves as, â€Å"niggers,† it's not out of hate that he uses the word, but because he was taught that's just what you call slaves. Another issue people have with this book is the overall depiction of the slave's intellect. In parts of the book, it's hard to even understand what Jim is trying to say because he hasn't been educated. People believe that making Jim sound intellectually inferior to every other character in the book is a racist move on Twain's part.However, when reading the novel, the reader must also realize that the author and the narrator are two different voices. The author, Twain, is an adult who is very against the idea of slavery. The narrator is a young boy who has been raised by a society who sees nothing wrong with enslaving black people. Thus, it is not Twain voicing his opinions through the thought proces ses of Huck, but it is Twain trying to portray an accurate, historical point of view from a young, white boy (Fishkin). Unfortunately, this young boy has been raised with certain biases against slaves, and Twain must honor that bias.If he doesn't then the book would be historically inaccurate. Also, one must remember that people living today were probably not Twain's target audience. Twain wanted to change problems in his generation, and in order to create a story that applied to the reader of his day, he would have to make the story as realistic as possible. Lastly, the most obvious argument is that it just wouldn't make sense to create a slave character who was as smart as the white people. If slaves were not allowed any formal education, how realistic would it be to write about a smart, literate slave?Finally, at the end of the novel, it seems Huck is thinking about running away from his home again, only because, â€Å"Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I ca n't stand it (307). † For this quote to truly hold any meaning, the reader must realize a â€Å"sivilized† person in the societies of the southern states back then would probably have owned and mistreated slaves. Hearing Huck say that he's sick of society teaching him how to be â€Å"sivilized,† could be his way of expressing the newfound feelings he has against slavery (Fishkin).To say that, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† is a racist novel should be considered a ridiculous idea. Why would an anti-slavery and anti-racist man write a racist book? Twain wrote books and articles to justify his ideas to his reader, even if the ideas were absurd, like the idea of the black man being on equal ground with the white man. Though by the time the book was completed slavery was abolished and African-Americans were free, the mindsets of the southern white families did not change. These types of families were to whom Mark Twain was directing this book.He hop ed they would see the ugliness of racism and slavery, and see people past the color of their skin. One of Mark Twain's well known quotes on racism is, â€Å"One of my theories is that the hearts of men are about alike, all over the world, whatever their skin-complexions may be (Everett). † Twain probably never realized his novel about young Huck Finn would have gained so much popularity and attention so long after it's original publishing, but throughout every generation, his message of anti-racism should not be banned for its racist interpretations because it is relevant for any race, people, or community.